This take a look at quantifies fetal purple blood cells in maternal circulation. It’s primarily based on the precept of acid elution, the place grownup hemoglobin is faraway from purple blood cells on a ready blood smear, whereas fetal hemoglobin stays. Microscopically, the fetal cells, stained pink, are counted towards a backdrop of faintly seen grownup “ghost cells.” A standardized formulation, incorporating the overall variety of fetal cells and the variety of maternal cells counted, determines the share of fetal blood quantity within the maternal pattern. For instance, if 5,000 maternal cells are counted and 100 fetal cells are recognized, the calculation could be (100/5000) * 100 = 2% fetal cells.
Figuring out the quantity of fetomaternal hemorrhage is essential for applicable administration, particularly in circumstances of Rh incompatibility. The take a look at allows correct dosing of Rho(D) immune globulin (RhIg), stopping potential alloimmunization in Rh-negative moms carrying Rh-positive fetuses. Developed by Enno Kleihauer, Herbert Betke, and Erika Kleihauer in 1957, this acid elution method revolutionized the prevention of hemolytic illness of the new child. Traditionally, a typical dose of RhIg was administered; nonetheless, this methodology permits for tailor-made dosing primarily based on the extent of the bleed, maximizing safety and minimizing pointless publicity to blood merchandise.
